(一)in
the
east
与
on
the
east的区别
1.in
the
east表示我们生活中和地理位置上的绝对方向。如:
The
sun
rises
in
the
east
and
sets
in
the
west.
太阳从东边升起,从西边落下。
The
Great
Wall
begins
in
the
east
from
the
Shanghaiguan
Pass
and
ends
at
the
Jiayuguan
Pass
in
the
west.
长城东起山海关,西至嘉峪关。
2.on
the
east表示某事物位于另一事物所朝的方向。这里的方向是相对而言的。如:
China
faces
the
Pacific
on
the
east.
中国东临太平洋。
The
United
States
faces
the
Atlantic
on
the
east
and
the
Pacific
on
the
west.
美国东临大西洋,西濒太平洋。
(二)
in
(to,on,at)
the
east
of
1.要表示A在B的东部,即:A在B的范围之内时就用'A
is
in
the
east
of
B',如:
Japan
is
in
the
east
of
Asia.日本在亚洲东部。
Italy
is
in
the
south
of
Europe.意大利在欧洲南部。
2.如果A在B的东方,即:A在B的范围之外,且相隔有一定的距离,就用'A
lies
to
the
east
of
B'.口语中有时可将to
the省去。如:
Japan
lies
(to
the)
east
of
China.日本位于中国东方。
France
lies
(to
the)
east
of
England.法国位于英国东方。
3.如果A在B的东边(侧),即:A与B相邻接。就用'A
is
on
the
east
of
B'.
如:
Guangdong
is
on
the
south
of
Hunan.广东在湖南南边。
Shangdong
is
on
the
north
of
Jiangsu.山东在江苏北边。
4.如果把方位词当作一个整体看,或是看成一点,就用'A
is
at
the
east
of
B'
如:
There
was
a
big
battle
at
the
north
of
the
Liaodong
Peninsula.
在辽东半岛的北边有一场大战。
5.如果要表示“A位于B东面100公里处”时我们既可以说'A
lies
l00km
to
the
east
of
B',也可以说'A
lies
100km
east
of
B'.
后者在美国口语中更为常见。如:
The
plane
crashed
30
miles
south
of
the
city.飞机在离城南30英里处坠毁。
Suzhou
lies
50
miles
to
the
west
of
Shanghai.苏州位于上海西面50英里处。
(三)
汉语里“东南西北”的先后顺序到英语里就变成了north,south,east,west;并由此有了下列中、英文表达上的差异。
东南方:southeast
西南方:southwest
西北方:northwest
东北方:northeast
如:十三陵位于北京西北50公里处。
The
Ming
Tombs
are
located
about
50
km
to
the
northwest
of
Beijing.
天津位于北京东南120公里处。
Tiajin
is
situated
l20
km
southeast
of
Beijing.
(四)要表示方位的“偏向”时通常用by
正东偏北:
east
by
north
正南偏西:
south
by
west
正北偏东:
north
by
east
正南偏东:
south
by
east
如:We
are
sailing
in
the
direction
of
east
by
north.我们正朝着正东偏北方向航行。
The
island
lies
south
by
east
from
here.那个岛位于此地的正南偏东方向。
------------------
我们已经学习了east,
west,
south,
north,
northeast,
southeast等一些表示方位的词,在使用这些词表达方位时应注意以下几点:
1.英汉表达的习惯不同:
汉语中习惯把方位词的顺序排为“东西南北”;英语习惯则为north,
south,
east,
west。汉语中用“东南”、“东北”、“西南”、“西北”等表示方向,英语中则用southeast,
northeast,
southwest,
n