第一句话没有过去分词，explained and described是句子的两个谓语，都是过去式形式。the constitution explained... and described ...是句子主干。governing six states that men were free and equal 是分词修饰constitution的，其中that men were free and equal 是定语从句修饰states。
第二句known是过去分词，修饰前面的January 26， 即，is known as的分词形式
1.The constitution 主语；governing six states that(应改为where,引导定语从句) men were free and equal是现在份词短语作定语 ；explained ...and described ...两个过去式作并列谓语。本句无过去分词。
2.today known as Australia Day过去分词短语，作January 26的定语。
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