普通白菜雄性不育种质资源研究及其应用是怎样的?

2025-03-15 17:16:50
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

杨晓云(1996)等研究普通白菜PolCMS花药发现,败育发生在孢原细胞分化期,无孢原细胞分化出现,不形成药室,属配子体败育型。而对温度敏感的出现——从细胞发生角度看,是在花药发育早期,由一定强度的低温诱导了部分孢原细胞分化发育的结果。

不育系花器官(除雌蕊外)有随不育度提高而变小的趋势,花器官中雄蕊长和雄雌比值与育性关系密切,可作为判断育性变化的形态指标。由温度敏感引发的微量花粉大部分具有生活力,但微量花粉含量、活力百分率和散粉能力不同,其育性级别间差异也较大;通常是随着微量花粉含量、活力百分率和散粉能力下降,其不育度也随之提高。

对育性的影响发生在雄性孢原细胞分化前,6℃左右的日均温是不育材料A3和A11发生育转换的临界低温。温度作用与育性表达的时间间隔,随花蕾发育所处时期的温度条件而不同,生长适温20℃左右,其时间差为12~16d,而晚秋播种、经历了自然低温的早期花蕾,其时间差可长达60~70d。开花期微量花粉的发生与播种期和开花日期关系密切,同一天所开的花,其育性与所处分枝的部位关系不大。

供试普通白菜不育材料,其育性温度敏感的生理变化表现为低温(8℃/4℃)处理不育系过氧化物酶活性升高,酯酶同工酶出现保持系特有的控制育性基因表达的酶带(E11),并且内源IAA、GA1+3量与保持系趋于一致,ABA含量升高,开花期表现为具有微量花粉,花药同工酶及可溶性蛋白组成与保持系趋于一致。不育系与保持系之间除育性差异外,还存在胞质自身的差异。

与此同时,已用普通白菜PolCMS系配制了21个杂交组合,其中有两个组合已在生产上应用。

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