怎样玩好象棋？

一.棋盘和棋子 1.棋盘 象棋盘由九道直线和十道横线交叉组成。棋盘上共有九十个交叉点,象棋子就摆放和活动在这些交叉点上。棋盘中间没有划通直线的地方,叫做"河界";划有交叉线的地方,叫做"九宫"。九道直线,红棋方面从右到左用中文数字一至九来代表，黑棋方面从右到左用阿拉伯数字1至9来表示。 2.棋子 棋子共有三十二个,分为红、黑两组,每组十六个,各分七种,其名称和数目如下: 红棋子：帅一人,车、马、炮、相、士各两个,兵五个。 黑棋子：将一个,车、马、炮、象、士各两个,卒五个。 二.走棋和吃子 1.对弈 在对局时,由执红棋的一方先走,双方轮流各走一着,直至分出胜负或走成和棋为止。轮到走棋的一方,将某个棋子从一个交叉点到另一个空着的交叉点,或者吃掉对方的棋子而占领叉点,都算走了一着。双方各走了一着,称为一个回合。 2.各种棋子的走法如下: 帅(将)每一着只许走一步,前进、后退、横走都可以,但不能走出"九"。帅和将不准在同一直线上直接对面,如一方已先占据,另一方必须回避。士每一着只许沿"九宫"斜线走一步,可进可退。相(象)不能越过"河界",每一着斜走两步,可进可退,即俗称"相(象)走田字。当田字中心有别的棋子时,俗称塞相(象)眼,则不行走过去。马每着走一直(或一横)一斜,可进可退,即俗称"马走日字"。如果在要去方向紧靠一直(或一横)的地方,有别的棋子挡住,俗称"蹩马腿",就不能走过去。车每一着可以直进、直退、横走,不限步数。炮在不吃子的时候,走法同车一样。兵(卒)在没有过"河界"前,每着只许向前直走一步;过"河界"后,每着可以向前走一步,也可以横走一步,但不能后退。 3.吃子 走一着棋时,如果己方棋子能够走到的位置有对方棋子存在,就可把对棋子吃掉而占领那个位置。只有炮吃了必须隔一个棋子(无论是哪一方的)跳吃,即俗称"炮打隔子"。除帅(将)外,其它棋子都可以听任对方吃,或主动送吃。 三.将军、应将、将死、困毙 一方的棋子攻击对方的帅(将),并在下一着要把它吃掉,称为"将军",或简称"将"。被"将军"的一方必须立即"应将",即用自卫的着法去化解被"将"的状态。如果被"将军"而无法"应将",就算被"将死"。轮到走棋的一方,帅(将)虽没被对方"将军",却被禁在一个位置上无路可走,同时己方其它棋子也都不 能走动,就算被"困毙"。 四.胜、负 1.胜负 对局时,一方出现下列情况之一,就算输棋,对方得胜: (一)帅(将)被对方"将死"; (二)帅(将)被"将军",无法避免地同对方将(帅)直接对面; (三)被"困毙"; (四)在规定时限内未走满应走着数; (五)超过了该次比赛规定的因迟到判负的时限(一般为十五分钟); (六)封棋着法有误; (七)走棋违犯禁例,应当变着而不变; (八)在同一局棋中,单方面出现第三次"违例"; (九)自己宣布认输; (十)因违犯纪律被判输棋。 2.和对局时,出现下列情况之一,就算和棋: (一)属于理论上公认的双方均无取胜可能的局势; (二)提议作和,应使双方机会均等。先得出者如被对方拒绝(口头不同意,或走出轮走的一着棋,均为拒绝),非经对方提和一次(也被拒绝),不得再度提出,但下列(三)(四)两款属于提和的特殊规定,不受此限。若双方提和次数对等,即可由任何一方再次提和。提和的一方,在对方作出明确表示之前,不能撤回自己的 提议。只要是一方提和,另一方已宣告同意,双方都不许反悔。此外,只能在提和后,方可按动对方的计时钟。 (三)双方走棋出现循环反复已达三次,符合"棋例"中"不变作和"的有关规定,可由任何一方提议作和,经审查局面属实,即使另一方不同意,裁判员也有权判为和棋。如双方都没有提和,而循环反复局面还在延续,裁判员有权不征得双方同意就决定判和;但如所走着法已同上述循环反复局面无关时,则不能按照本款处理。 (四)符合"六十回合规则"(也称为自然限着)的规定时。 CXQChineseChessBasicRules Onecanmovethepiecesaccordingtothefollowingrules: TheKingmovesonlyonespaceatatime,eitherhorizontallyorvertically.Furthermore,theKingmustalwaysstaywithinthepalace,whichisasquaremarkedwithanX. TheGuards(Advisor)moveonlyonespaceatatimediagonally.SimilartotheKing,theguardsmuststaywithinthepalace. TheMinisters(Elephants)movetwospacesatatimediagonally(i.e.2spacesleft/rightand2spacesup/downinamove).Theymuststaywithintheirownsideoftheriver.Ifthereisapiecemidwaybetweentheoriginalandfinalintendedpositionofaminister,theministerisblockedandthemoveisnotallowed. TheRooks(Cars)moveoneormorespaceshorizontallyorverticallyprovidedthatallpositionsbetweentheoriginalandfinalpositionsareempty. TheKnights(Horses)movetwospaceshorizontallyandonespacevertically(orrespectively2spacesverticallyandonespacehorizontally).Ifthereisapiecenexttothehorseinthehorizontal(vertical)direction,thehorseisblockedandthemoveisnotallowed. TheCannonsmoveoneormorespaceshorizontallyorverticallylikeaRook.However,inacapturemove,theremustbeexactlyonenon-emptyspaceinbetweentheoriginalandfinalposition.Inanon-capturemove,allspacesinbetweenmustbeempty. ThePawns(orSoldiers)moveonespaceatatime.Ifapawndoesnotcrosstheriveryet,itcanonlymoveforwardvertically.Oncecrossingtheriver,thepawncanalsomovehorizontally. Capture:Whenapiecemovestoapositioncurrentlyheldbyanopponent'spiece,itcapturesthatopponent'spiece.Thecapturedpieceisremovedfromtheboard. King'slineofsight:ThetwoKingsintheboardmustneverbeonthesamefile(verticalline)withoutanypiecesinbetweenthem.AmovethatputsthetwoKingsinsuchasettingisillegal. Kingsafety:OnemustneverleavetheKingtobecapturedbytheopponentinthenextmove.AnymovesthatputtheKinginsuchasettingisillegal. Endgamecondition:Thegameendswhenoneofthefollowingsituationshappens: Checkmate:Ifonethreatenstocapturetheopponent'sKingandtheopponenthasnowaytoresolvethethreat,onewins. Stalemate:Ifonedoesnothaveanyvalidmove,oneloses. OneorbothsidesviolatetheAdvancedRules. CXQChineseChessAdvancedRules Tomakethegamesfair,certainpaternofmovementsarerestricted.Inthenutshell,CXQRulesprohibitaplayertocontinuouslythreatentocaptureoneopponent'spieceusingoneormorepieces.Suchmovementsareeitherperpetualchecks(iftheKingisthreatened)orperpetualchases(ifanunprotectedpieceotherthantheKingisthreatened). Terminology:Tomaketherulesprecise,thefollowingtermsareused: Check:Amoveofanypiecethatcausestheopponent'sKingtobethreatenedwithcaptureinthenextmove. Sametypesacrifice/trade:Apiecemovestoapositionwhereitcancaptureanopponent'spieceofthesametypeinsuchawaythattheopponentpiececanalsocaptureitinthenextmove. Chase:Apiecemovestoapositionwhereitcancaptureanopponent'spiece,whichisnottheKing,inthenextmove.Itisalsoachasewhenapiecemovesandresultsinacannonattackinganopponent'spiece.Thereareafewexceptions: ItisnotachasewhenaKingoraPawnthreatenstocaptureanypiece. ItisnotachasetothreatentocaptureaPawnwhenitisyettocrosstheriver. Sametypesacrifice/tradeisnotachase. Protected:Apieceisprotectedifthereisapiecethatcancaptureanypiecethattakestheprotectedpiece.Anexceptionisthatacarisneverconsideredprotectedwhenitisthreatenedbyanopponent'scannonorknight. TheCXQAdvancedRules:Allmovesfollowingthebasicrulesareallowedexcept: PerpetualCheck:Continuouslycheckingopponentusingoneormorepiecesisnotallowed. PerpetualChase:Continuouslychasingoneunprotectedopponentpieceusingoneormorepiecesisnotallowed. WhenonesideviolatestheAdvancedRuleswhiletheotherdoesnot,theonewhoviolatestheruleloses.Itisadrawwhenbothsidesperpetualcheckorbothperpetualchase.Ifonesideperpetualchecksandtheothersideperpetualchases,theonewhoperpetualchecksloses. CXQallowsaplayertocheck/chase6consecutivetimesusingonepiece,12timesusing2pieces,and18timesusing3piecesbeforeconsideringthecheck/chaseaperpetualcheck/chase. CXQAutomaticDrawingRules Whenthegameisnotwinnable,itisstronglyrecommendedthatbothplayersdrawthegamebythemselves.Topreventoneorbothplayersfromdraggingthegamesforalongtime,CXQimposesthefollowing3rulesforautomaticdrawing: MovesRule:Whenthetotalnumberofmovesmadebyeachsidereaches300. EffectiveRule:Whenthetotalnumberofeffectivemoves,movesmadebyeachsideexcludingchecking/chasingmovesormovestorespondtochecking/chasing,reaches120. ProgressRule:Whenthetotalnumberofmovesbyeachsidesincethelasttimeaprogressismade,i.e.since(1)thelastcaptureor(2)thelastadvanceofapawnalreadycrossedtheriver,reaches30. Notes CXQAdvancedRulesaresimilartoAsianChineseChessRules.CXQ'sgoalistomaketherulesaseasilyunderstandablebyanaverageplayeraspossible.ThosewhowishtolearntherulesmoreindetailarestronglyrecommendedtocheckoutAsianRules. FollowingarethejudgementcallsforcommonscenariosusingtheAdvancedRules: One(ormany)checksoneidleisallowed. One(ormany)checksonechaseisallowed. One(ormany)chasesonecheckisallowed. One(ormany)chasesoneidleisallowed. One(ormany)checksonethreatentocheckmateisallowed. Perpetualchasetwoormorepiecesisallowed. Perpetualblockingisallowed. NotethatamoveisaviolationifitviolatestheAdvancedRulesinanyway.Forexample,aperpetualblocking,ifitisalsoaperpetualchase,isaviolationeventhoughperpetualblockingisallowedingeneral. 给你个网站http://www.chessvariants.org/xiangqi.html

满意请采纳

象棋的精华有人说是阳谋，重谋不重步路，也就是说：套路是为谋做基石用的，所以只要有社会经验，稍稍磨练即可更进一层。