完成下列问题:(1)汽油的重要成分是辛烷(C8H18),1molC8H18(l)在与O2(g)中燃烧,生成CO2(g)和H

2025-02-27 04:41:48
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

(1)1molC8H18(l)在与O2(g)中燃烧,生成CO2(g)和H2O(l),放出5518kJ热量,该反应的热化学方程式为C8H18(l)+
25
2
O2(g)=8CO2(g)+9H2O(l)△H=-5518kJ/mol;
故答案为:C8H18(l)+
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2
O2(g)=8CO2(g)+9H2O(l)△H=-5518kJ/mol;
(2)①C(金刚石、s)+O2(g)=CO2(g);△H=-395.41kJ/mol,
②C(石墨、s)+O2(g)=CO2(g);△H=-393.51kJ/mol,
依据盖斯定律①-②得到C(金刚石、s)=C(石墨、s)△H=-1.9KJ/mol;
根据热化学方程式可知金刚石能量高于石墨,石墨更稳定;
故答案为:C(金刚石、s)=C(石墨、s)△H=-1.9KJ/mol,小于;
(3)已知:①N2(g)+2O2(g)=2NO2(g)△H1=+67.7kJ?mol-1
②N2H4(g)+O2(g)=N2(g)+2H2O(g)△H2=-534kJ?mol-1
③H2O(l)=H2O(g)△H3=+44kJ?mol-1
2N2H4(g)+2NO2(g)=3N2(g)+4H2O(l)可以是反应②×2-①-③×4得到,
所以该反应的焓变=(-534kJ?mol-1)×2-67.7kJ?mol-1-(+44kJ?mol-1)×4=-1311.7kJ/mol,所以1molN2H4(g)与 NO2(g)完全反应生成N2和H2 O (l)时放出热量为
1311.7kJ
2
=655.85kJ
故答案为:655.85kJ;