如何安装anaconda和python

2025-03-13 23:24:26
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

How to set up your own anaconda in a scientific way?

python2, python3, R in conda

Introduction

  • what is anaconda?

  • According to its own website, Anaconda is the leading open data science platform powered by Python. The open source version of Anaconda is a high performance distribution of Python and R and includes over 100 of the most popular Python, R and Scala packages for data science.

  • Or you can simply regard it as a manager of the packages of your programming languages.

  • why we want to use anaconda?

  • Convinient to manage packages

  • Jupyter notebook

  • object

  • Set up anaconda for a python and r user (linux)

  • I use py2 more often so I set it my default environment

  • Get started!

  • Click this link and download corresponding version of anaconda.

  • Type the following line in the terminal and the installation will be set up automatically

    ```bash Anaconda2-4.3.1-Linux-x86_64.sh``` .

    Do include the "bash" command even if you are not using the bash shell.

  • Add the following line to the .bashrc or .zshrc(if you are a zsh user).

    ```export PATH="/home/zijun/anaconda2/bin:$PATH"```
  • Create python3 environment in your conda.

    ```conda create -n py3 python=3.5 anaconda```
  • Create R environment in your conda.

    ```conda create -n r -c r r-essentials```
  • Install tck for R (enable install.packages() in R)

    ```source activate r
    conda install -c intel tcl=8.6.4```
  • Note1: if you want to remove environment you install:

    ```conda remove --name py3 --all```
  • Note2: switch different environment

    ```source activate r
    source deactivate r```
  • Some issues you may encounter during the process

    Q: tcl not found

    install.packages('highfrequency')
    --- Please select a CRAN mirror for use in this session ---
    Error: .onLoad failed in loadNamespace() for 'tcltk', details:
    call: fun(libname, pkgname)
    error: Can't find a usable init.tcl in the following directories:
    /opt/anaconda1anaconda2anaconda3/lib/tcl8.5 ./lib/tcl8.5 ./lib/tcl8.5 ./library ./library ./tcl8.5.18/library ./tcl8.5.18/library

    A: Solution:

  • Just do the step 5 above to solve this problem.

  • Or add the following lines to the .bashrc or .zshrc

    ``` export TCL_LIBRARY="/home/zijun/anaconda2/lib/tcl8.5"
    export TK_LIBRARY="/home/zijun/anaconda2/lib/tk8.5" ```
  • Note1: tck is a package which supports install.packages() function and it is installed in the global environment if you use sudo apt-get install tcl8.5-dev tk8.5-dev and conda has no access to it.

  • Note2: packages will be installed in /home/zijun/anaconda/envs/r/lib/R/library using install.packages()

  • Q: How to install packages in R

    A: Since we set up the tcl, we can easily use install.packages() or remove.packages() to manage the R packages. However in this way, conda will lose control over r packages. Also you may find some suggestions using conda-build like this:

  • switch back to the root environment

  • type conda install conda-build in the terminal

  • Use conda skeleton cran and conda build to install packages (you may mind the dependency issue)

  • However this will not give you the control either. Moreover, there might be more issues about shitty sytax in R. So my suggestion is simply using install.packages() in R to install your packages.



回答2:

建议安装anaconda管理python,这个比较稳定,用pip总会出现一些奇奇怪怪的错误,科学计算用anaconda最好了