《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》与《公输》两文中邹忌与墨子在劝谏方式和行为、特点等方面有何异同?

2025-03-15 17:24:01
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

课文通过邹忌借用自己家庭亲友间的事情和切身感受,讽劝齐王纳谏除弊的故事,从而说明国君必须广泛采纳各方面的批评建议,兴利除弊,才可以兴国的道理。
这个故事明确说明了这样一个道理:一个人在受蒙蔽的情况下,是不可能正确认识自己和客观事物的。作为领导,更要时刻保持清醒的头脑,防止被一些表面现象所迷惑;不要偏听偏信,要广泛听取他人的批评意见,对于奉承话要保持警惕,及时发现和改正自己的缺点错误,不犯或少犯错误。
应该说明的是,这篇课文所记述的,未必全是事实,很可能是战国时期流传的名人逸事。所谓纳谏能导致“战胜于朝廷”的结果,在诸侯割据称雄、以攻伐为贤的战国时代,只能是一种无法实现的幻想。但作者善于观察日常生活,从中提炼出有意义的主题,而且通俗生动,说服力强,文笔流畅而富有变化,充满情趣等,都是值得我们学习、借鉴的。
因人而异,巧作类比。当时,楚强宋弱,楚国攻打宋国蓄谋已久,楚王作为强国君主,专横霸道,绝对容不得别人对他侵略宋国的行径加以指责或出言不恭。墨子在与楚王的对话中,没有直接对这场战争进行评论,先举富人偷窃穷人的例子,通过“文轩”与“敝舆”、“锦绣”与“短褐”、“梁肉”与“糠槽”的对比,贫富的反差强烈,突出了富人行为的荒唐和愚蠢,然后又连用三个对比,极言楚国的幅员辽阔,物产丰富,宋国的面积狭小,物产贫乏,最后把“王吏攻宋”与“有窃疾”人的行为进行类比,指出楚国攻打宋国实在像患了偷窃一类的毛病,这样说理,既满足了楚王的大国国君的虚荣心,又让他觉得攻打宋国不明智,实在没有必要。

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