已知25℃时草酸的电离常数为K1=5.0×10-2,K2=5.4×10-5,草酸钙的Ksp=4.0×10-8,碳酸钙的Ksp=2.5×10-9

2025-03-15 09:10:33
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

(1)常温下将0.2mol/L的KOH溶液20mL与0.2mol/L的草酸溶液20mL混合,反应生成草酸氢钾,由于草酸氢根离子的电离程度远远大于其水解程度,所以溶液显示酸性,c(H+)>c(OH-)  溶液中离子浓度大小为:c(K+)>c( HC2O4-)>c(H+)>c(C2O42-)>c(OH-),
故答案为:c(K+)>c( HC2O4-)>c(H+)>c(C2O42-)>c(OH-);
(2)高锰酸钾具有强氧化性,把草酸中的C从+3价氧化成+4价的二氧化碳,Mn元素从+7价变化到+2价的锰离子,由于草酸分子中有2个C原子,所以高锰酸钾与草酸的反应比例为 5:2,故反应的方程式为:2MnO4-+5H2C2O4+6H+=2Mn2++10CO2↑+8H2O;可利用KMnO4溶液自身的颜色作为指示剂判断滴定终点时,再滴加KMnO4溶液时,溶液将由无色变为紫色;设草酸的物质的量浓度为xmol/L,根据反应:2MnO4-+5H2C2O4 +6H+=2Mn2++10CO2↑+8H2O
                                                    2            5
                                                  10-4Vmol      0.02Xmol            
可得:
2
10?4V
=
5
0.02X

解得X=
V
80
mol/L
故答案为:2MnO4-+5H2C2O4+6H+=2Mn2++10CO2↑+8H2O;当滴入最后一滴KMnO4溶液时,溶液由无色变为紫色,且半分钟内不褪色,即达滴定终点;
V
80

(3)0.005mol/L 20mL的氢氧化钙溶液中氢氧化钙的物质的量n=CV=0.005mol/L×0.02L=10-4mol/L,0.0012mol/L 20mL的草酸溶液中草酸的物质的量为0.24×10-4mol/L,根据草酸与氢氧化钙的反应可知,氢氧化钙过量,草酸完全反应,故溶液中离子浓度最大的为OH-,其次为Ca2+,最小的为H+
故答案为:c(OH-)>c(Ca2+)>c(H+);
(4)氢氧化钙溶液的pH=11,可知溶液中C(OH-)=10-3mol/L,C(Ca2+)=
1
2
×10-3mol/L=5×10-4mol/L,因为有白色的碳酸钙沉淀生成,即得到碳酸钙的饱和溶液,大其溶解平衡,根据碳酸钙的Ksp=c(CO32-)×C(Ca2+)=2.5×10-9,可知c(CO32-)=5×10-6mol/L;在草酸钙的饱和溶液中,c(C2O42-)=C(Ca2+),根据草酸钙的Ksp=4.0×10-8,可知C(Ca2+)=2×10-4mol/L,若向20mL草酸钙的饱和溶液中逐滴加入8.0×10-4mol/L的碳酸钾溶液10mL后,由于溶液体积的变化,
C(Ca2+)=2×10-4mol/L×
2
3
=
4
3
×10-4mol/L,c(CO32-)=8.0×10-4mol/L×
1
3
=
8
3
×10-4mol/L,故浓度积Qc=c(Ca2+)?c (CO32-)=3.6×10-8>Ksp(2.5×10-9),故有沉淀产生,故答案为:5.0×10-6;能.

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