什么是日烧?如何预防与控制?

2025-03-15 09:06:00
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

日烧指果树由于强烈日光辐射引起器官或组织灼伤。果树日烧分为夏季日烧和冬季日烧。夏季日烧常在干旱条件下发生,由于温度高而且水分不足,蒸腾作用减弱,树体温度难以调节,高温和生理性干旱综合危害造成日烧。日烧主要表现在向阳面的果实和枝条皮层,果实日烧处表现淡紫色或浅褐色干陷斑,严重时果皮爆裂,枝条日烧使枝条皮层裂开或灼伤。

冬季日烧多发生在寒冷地区果树向西南面的主干和大枝上。冬、春季节白天高温辐射使处于休眠状态的细胞解冻,夜晚温度骤降再冻结,反复冻融使皮层细胞受到破坏。开始受害时树皮变色、横裂成块斑状,严重时树皮凹陷、干枯、裂开或脱落,枝条死亡。防止果树日烧的方法主要有:

(1)树盘覆草

树盘覆草可以保存土壤水分、提高土壤含水量、降低地温。

(2)增施有机肥

增施有基肥可以提高土壤持水力,降低日烧伤害。

(3)利用抗旱性强的砧木

抗旱性强的砧木一般根系入土较深,根系吸收水分较为稳定。梨属植物中,杜梨砧木抗旱性较强,且抗盐碱。

(4)灌水

夏季高温时梨树蒸腾作用加强,容易因缺水造成日烧。夏季干旱时及时灌溉,有利于防止日烧。为防止果实日烧,在有喷灌条件的果园,可以进行喷灌。

(5)避免日光直射

树干涂白、绑缚草把、涂泥以及培土等方法可以预防树体日烧。

(6)果实套袋

果实套袋可以防止日光直射果实,有利于防止果实日烧。

(7)冬季干旱地区在土壤结冻前灌冻水有利于预防日烧。

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