1、Cookie的来历与作用
Cookie是WEB服务器通过浏览器保存在WWW用户端硬盘上的一个文本文件,这个文本文件中包含了文本信息。
文本信息的内容以“名/值”对(key/value)的形式进行存储。
可以让WEB开发者通过程序读写这个文本文件。
XP中保存Cookie的目录是“C://Documents and Settings\用户名\Cookies”
Cookie的作用
解决浏览器用户与Web服务器之间无状态通信。
2Cookie编程
//创建对象
Date date = new Date() ;
Cookie c = new Cookie("lastVisited",date.toString()) ;
//设定有效时间 以s为单位
c.setMaxAge(60) ;
//设置Cookie路径和域名
c.setPath("/") ;
c.setDomain(".zl.org") ; //域名要以“.”开头
//发送Cookie文件
response.addCookie(c) ;
//读取Cookie
Cookie cookies[] = request.getCookies() ;
Cookie c1 = null ;
if(cookies != null){
for(int i=0;i
c1 = cookies[i] ;
out.println("cookie name : " + c1.getName() + " ") ;
out.println("cookie value :" + c1.getValue() + "
");
}
}
//修改Cookie
Cookie cookies[] = request.getCookies() ;
Cookie c = null ;
for(int i=0;i
c = cookies[i] ;
if(c.getName().equals("lastVisited")){
c.setValue("2010-04-3-28") ;
c.setMaxAge(60*60*12) ;
response.addCookie(c) ; //修改后,要更新到浏览器中
}
}
//删除Cookie,(将Cookie的有效时间设为0)
Cookie cookies[] = request.getCookies() ;
Cookie c = null ;
for(int i=0;i
c = cookies[i] ;
if(c.getName().equals("lastVisited")){
c.setMaxAge(0);
response.addCookie(c) ;
}
}
4、使用Cookie的注意事项
·Cookie的大小和数量是有限制的。
·Cookie在个人硬盘上所保存的文本信息是以明文格式进行保存的,没有任何的加密措施。
·浏览器用户可以设定不使用Cookie。
5、实例:Servlet中的Cookie编程
cookieInput.html页面
SetCookie.java
GetCookie.java
cookieInput.html页面中的参数提交到SetCookie.java中,由SetCookie.java保存在浏览器的Cookie中,在SerCookie.java中链接到GetCookie.java从而读取刚刚保存的Cookie。
SetCookie.java :
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
String username = request.getParameter("username") ;
//保存Cookie
if(username !=""){
Cookie c1 = new Cookie("username",username) ;
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd") ;
Cookie c2 = new Cookie("lastVisited",sdf.format(new java.util.Date())) ;
c1.setMaxAge(60*60*60*12*30) ;
c2.setMaxAge(60*60*60*12*30) ;
response.addCookie(c1) ;
response.addCookie(c2) ;
out.println("Cookie保存成功!");
out.println("
") ;
out.println("读取Cookie") ;
}else{
response.sendRedirect("../cookieInput.html") ;
}
out.flush();
out.close();
}
GetCookie.java:
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.println("
");
out.println("");
out.println("
");
out.println("
");
//读取Cookie
Cookie cookies[] = request.getCookies() ;
Cookie c = null ;
if(cookies != null){
for(int i=0;i
c = cookies[i] ;
if(c.getName().equals("username")){
out.println("用户名: "+c.getValue());
out.println("
");
}
if(c.getName().equals("lastVisited")){
out.println("上次登录的时间: "+c.getValue());
}
}
}else{
out.println("No cookie !");
}
out.println("
");
out.println("
");
out.flush();
out.close();
}
1、增加一个cookie;
代码:
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("mytest","123456");
response.addCookie(cookie);
2、修改一个cookie;
代码:
Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
for(Cookie cookie : cookies) {
if("mytest".equals(cookie.getName())) {
cookie.setValue("mytestNEW");
response.addCookie(cookie);
}
}
3、删除一个cookie;
代码:
Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
for(Cookie cookie : cookies) {
if("mytest".equals(cookie.getName())) {
cookie.setMaxAge(0);
response.addCookie(cookie);
}
}
4、显示cookie列表;
代码:
Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
for(Cookie cookie : cookies) {
try {
response.getWriter().println(cookie.getName() + "-->" + cookie.getValue());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
5、增加一个中文cookie;
代码:
Cookie cookie;
try {
cookie = new Cookie("mytest",URLEncoder.encode("我的测试", "UTF-8"));
response.addCookie(cookie);
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
6、显示中文cookie值;
代码:
Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
for(Cookie cookie : cookies) {
if("mytest".equals(cookie.getName())) {
try { response.getWriter().println(URLDecoder.decode(cookie.getValue(), "UTF-8"));
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
7、根据cookie名称获得cookie值;
代码:
Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
for(Cookie cookie : cookies) {
if("mytest".equals(cookie.getName())) {
try {
response.getWriter().println(cookie.getName() + "-->" + cookie.getValue());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
8、设置cookie路径;
代码:
Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie("mytest","mytest1");
cookie1.setPath("/test1");
Cookie cookie2 = new Cookie("mytest","mytest2");
cookie2.setPath("/test2");
response.addCookie(cookie1);
response.addCookie(cookie2);
9、设置cookie过期时间为60秒;
代码:
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("mytest","mytest1");
cookie.setMaxAge(60);
response.addCookie(cookie);
10、设置cookie域名;
代码:
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("mytest","mytest1");
cookie.setDomain("127.0.0.1");
response.addCookie(cookie);
11、设置Cookie只有在安全链接(即https)中才有效;
代码:
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("mytest","mytest1");
cookie.setSecure(true);
response.addCookie(cookie);
12、查看cookie版本;
代码:
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("mytest","mytest1");
try {
response.getWriter().println("cookie version-->" + cookie.getVersion());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
最后,看看这里http://jingyan.baidu.com/article/7c6fb4281f4e5580642c90d0.html