学习任务同沉积断层的识别与分析

2025-03-16 00:30:23
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

一、同沉积断层的识别

同沉积断层又称为生长断层(长命断层、同生断层),它是在沉积盆地形成发育过程中控制盆地不断沉降、沉积,盆地外侧不断隆起的断层。

同沉积断层主要发育在拉伸性断陷盆地边缘,常常继承基底断层发育;也可以出现在挤压性坳陷盆地(前陆盆地)边缘,受造山带逆冲推覆作用控制。同沉积断层与成油关系密切,控制生油层的形成,也是重要的生、储构造。

二、同沉积断层特征分析

(1)同沉积断层常为走向正断层,在剖面上呈上陡下缓的凹面向下的勺状。

(2)同沉积断层下降盘(上盘)地层明显增厚(图6-53),这一特征是同沉积断层的最基本特征和识别标志。同一地层在下降盘与上升盘的厚度之比称为生长指数,生长指数反映同沉积断层的活动强度和升降幅度。

(3)同沉积断层的断距随深度增大而增大;或者说,同沉积断层下降盘,地层时代越老,断距就越大。反之亦然(图6-53)。

图6-53 同沉积断层和一般断层剖面对比示意图

(4)同沉积断层上盘常发育逆牵引褶皱构造(图6-50A)。这是因为断层上盘沿断层面下滑牵引而形成的,若同沉积断层上盘地层岩性能干性强,则形成反向断层(图6-50B)。

同沉积断层规模一般以中、大型为主,我国东部中新生代断陷盆地边缘广泛发育这类构造。

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