不可逆过程的熵是增加的还是减少还是不变

2025-03-16 14:31:04
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

应该改成:系统的熵在可逆绝热过程中不变,在不可逆绝热过程中单调增大。
这是熵增加原理。由于孤立系统内部的一切变化与外界无关,必然是绝热过程,所以熵增加原理也可表为:一个孤立系统的熵永远不会减少。它表明随着孤立系统由非平衡态趋于平衡态,其熵单调增大,当系统达到平衡态时,熵达到最大值。熵的变化和最大值确定了孤立系统过程进行的方向和限度,熵增加原理就是热力学第二定律。
可逆时,什么情况都有(定温膨胀,熵大于零;绝热等于零,定温压缩,熵小于零)
不可逆的熵包含两部分,一个是熵流量--系统和外界交换热引起的(吸热可增放热可减绝热可不变),一部分是功耗散引起的熵产量,必须大于等于零,这样不可逆的熵怎么变都可以~

回答2:

对于一个孤立系统来说,熵总是增加的,也就是说系统只会朝着熵增加的方向变化。因此对于不可逆过程,熵是增加的,其逆过程是熵减少过程,因此不会发生。
熵(entropy)是人们定义的一个热力学参数,作为体系混乱度的量度,用符号S表示[1]。熵既是热力学概念,又在信息论方面得到应用。热力学方面常见的定义是克劳修斯(Clausius)从宏观角度定义的克劳修斯熵和玻尔兹曼(Boltzmann)从微观角度定义的波尔兹曼熵。此外还有香农(Shannon)从信息论角度提出的信息熵,亦被称为香农熵。

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