模具铣刀如何正确选择使用?

2025-03-18 00:48:04
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

在模具数控加工中,铣削零件内外轮廓及铣削平面常用平底立铣刀,对于一些立体型面和变斜角轮廓外形的加工,常用球形铣刀、环形铣刀、鼓形铣刀、锥形铣刀和盘铣刀。
1、选择模具数控铣削用刀具
模具铣刀用于加工模具型腔成形表面,型腔部分的加工主要是依靠各种立铣刀。模具铣刀是由立铣刀演变而成的,按工作部分外形可分为圆锥形平头、圆柱形球头、圆锥形球头三种。按材料分为硬质合金模具铣刀、高速钢模具铣刀等。硬质合金模具铣刀用途非常广泛,除可铣削各种模具型腔外,还可代替手用锉刀和砂轮磨头进行清理铸、锻、焊工件的毛边,以及对某些成形表面进行光整加工等。下表所示为适用于不同加工方式的铣刀结构选用。
2、模具铣刀选择
合理的刀具寿命一般分最高生产率刀具寿命和最低成本刀具寿命两种,前者根据单件工时最少的目标确定,后者根据工序成本最低的目标确定。
与普通机床加工方法相比,数控加工对刀具提出了更高的要求,不仅需要刚性好、精度高,而且要求尺寸稳定,刀具寿命高,同时要求安装调整方便,来满足数控机床高效率的要求。数控机床上所选用的刀具常采用适应高速切削的刀具材料,并使用可转位刀片。对于装刀、换刀和调刀比较复杂的多刀机床、组合机床,刀具寿命制订标准应选得高些,还应保证刀具可靠性。当车间内某一工序的生产率限制了整个车间的生产率的提高时,或某工序单位时间内所分担到的全厂开支较大时,刀具寿命也应选得低些。
制订刀具寿命时可考虑刀具制造、磨刀成本和复杂程度等因素。对于换刀时间短的机夹可转位刀具,为了提高生产效率,充分发挥其切削性能,刀具寿命可选得低些。复杂和精度高的刀具的寿命应选得比单刃刀具高些。大件精加工时,为保证至少完成一次走刀,避免切削时中途换刀,刀具寿命应按零件精度和表面粗糙度来确定。

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