高中数学的对数运算法则

2025-04-03 23:50:46
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

定义:
  若a^n=b(a>0且a≠1)
  则n=log(a)(b)
  基本性质:
  1、a^(log(a)(b))=b
  2、log(a)(MN)=log(a)(M)+log(a)(N);
  3、log(a)(M÷N)=log(a)(M)-log(a)(N);
  4、log(a)(M^n)=nlog(a)(M)
  推导
  1、因为n=log(a)(b),代入则a^n=b,即a^(log(a)(b))=b。
  2、MN=M×N
  由基本性质1(换掉M和N)
  a^[log(a)(MN)] = a^[log(a)(M)]×a^[log(a)(N)]
  由指数的性质
  a^[log(a)(MN)] = a^{[log(a)(M)] + [log(a)(N)]}
  又因为指数函数是单调函数,所以
  log(a)(MN) = log(a)(M) + log(a)(N)
  3、与(2)类似处理
  MN=M÷N
  由基本性质1(换掉M和N)
  a^[log(a)(M÷N)] = a^[log(a)(M)]÷a^[log(a)(N)]
  由指数的性质
  a^[log(a)(M÷N)] = a^{[log(a)(M)] - [log(a)(N)]}
  又因为指数函数是单调函数,所以
  log(a)(M÷N) = log(a)(M) - log(a)(N)
  4、与(2)类似处理
  M^n=M^n
  由基本性质1(换掉M)
  a^[log(a)(M^n)] = {a^[log(a)(M)]}^n
  由指数的性质
  a^[log(a)(M^n)] = a^{[log(a)(M)]*n}
  又因为指数函数是单调函数,所以
  log(a)(M^n)=nlog(a)(M)
  基本性质4推广
  log(a^n)(b^m)=m/n*[log(a)(b)]
  推导如下:
  由换底公式(换底公式见下面)[lnx是log(e)(x),e称作自然对数的底]
  log(a^n)(b^m)=ln(b^m)÷ln(a^n)
  由基本性质4可得
  log(a^n)(b^m) = [m×ln(b)]÷[n×ln(a)] = (m÷n)×{[ln(b)]÷[ln(a)]}
  再由换底公式
  log(a^n)(b^m)=m÷n×[log(a)(b)] --------------------------------------------(性质及推导 完)