令x = a • tanθ,dx = a • sec²θ dθ
(a² + x²)^(3/2) = (a² + a² • tan²θ)^(3/2) = (a² • sec²θ)^(3/2) = a³sec³θ
∫ x²/(a² + x²)^(3/2) dx
= ∫ (a²tan²θ)(asec²θ)/(a³sec³θ) dθ
= ∫ tan²θ/secθ dθ = ∫ (1 - cos²θ)/cosθ dθ = ∫ (secθ - cosθ) dθ
= ln|secθ + tanθ| - sinθ + C
= ln|√(a² + x²)/a + x/a| - x/√(a² + x²) + C
= ln|x + √(a² + x²)| - x/√(a² + x²) + C