汽缸磨损规律有哪些?怎样检测和预防?

2025-03-17 06:20:34
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

(1)汽缸在正常条件下的磨损规律 汽缸在活塞环和活塞运动的行程内磨损较大且不均匀,其特点是在长度方向形成上大下小的圆锥形,沿圆周方向产生失圆。
磨损最大的部位是活塞处在上止点时,从第一活塞环相对应的缸壁部位往下逐步减少;汽缸在活塞区域之外磨损很小,特别是在活塞上止点以上部位,几乎无磨损,形成明显的台肩。发动机在不正常的工作杀件下,如爆震、拉缸等,汽缸的磨损就有变化,但其规律为上太下小,受力面磨损大,不受力面磨损小是不会改变的。
(2)汽缸磨损检测。根据汽缸的直径选用长度合适的接杆装在量缸表下端更!1量汽缸的圆柱度:先将汽缸体放在台架上放平,从第一缸开始,在活塞行程的上中下三个位置各测量一点,并记录上中下三点的尺寸,然后用同法对其他各缸进行检测;测量汽缸的圆度:在上进测量的基础上,把量缸表转动90。,再在各缸的活塞行程的上中下三点量出横向的汽缸尺寸。
根据上述检测结果,制定维修方案,如果汽缸磨损在极限范围内可进行磨缸;以恢复汽缸的正确形状和表面光洁度,使发动机工作时能保持足够的压力。若是超差或有明显淘槽和损坏,则应更换新缸套。
(3)预防汽缸磨损的措施。重视节温嚣作用,使用中保持发动机正常水温,不允许随意拆除节温嚣,减缓汽缸腐蚀磨损;改善润滑条件,定期检查润滑油质、油量;发现机油老化变质、应予更换;机油短缺应及时朴加,减轻汽缸磨损;定期维护空气滤清嚣、机油滤清嚣和燃油滤清嚣,发现滤芯破损失效,应予及时更换新件,减少磨料磨损;维修中严格按照技术规范进行检修和装配,尤其重视活塞配缸间隙、活塞开口间隙等技术标准,确保装配质量;使用中,不允许超载、超速,大负荷长时间运转,以免发动机过热,润滑性能变坏,加剧汽缸磨损。

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