证明: 因为实对称矩阵总可对角化所以存在可逆矩阵P满足 A = Pdiag(a1,...,an)P^-1由已知A非零, 所以 r(A)=r(diag(a1,...,an))>0--即有A的非零特征值的个数等于A的秩而 A^k = Pdiag(a1,...,an)^kP^-1 = Pdiag(a1^k,...,an^k)P^-1所以 r(A^k)=r(diag(a1^k,...,an^k))=r(diag(a1,...,an))=r(A)>0所以 A^k≠0.