什么是无差别待遇原则?最惠国待遇原则?国民待遇原则?

2025-03-18 06:33:16
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

无差别待遇又称非歧视待遇,是针对歧视待遇的一项缔约原则,它要求缔约双方在实施某种优惠和限制措施时,不要对缔约对方实施歧视待遇。根据无差别待遇原则,世界贸易组织一成员方对另一成员不采用任何其他所同样不适用的优惠和限制措施。在世界贸易组织中,无差别待遇原则由最惠国待遇和国民待遇条款体现出来。

最惠国待遇原则是关贸总协定的基本原则之一。最惠国待遇原则要求成员方之间相互给予最惠国待遇,即关贸总协定的缔约原则是:一个成员给予另一个成员方的贸易优惠和特许必须自动给予所有其他成员。作为关贸总协定的一项最基本、最重要的原则,最惠国待遇原则对规范成员方间的货物贸易,推动国际贸易的扩大和发展起了重要的作用。

国民待遇原则(national treatment principle)WTO的基本法律原则之一是指在民事权利方面一个国家给予在其国境内的外国公民和企业与其国内公民、企业同等待遇,而非政治方面的待遇。国民待遇原则是最惠国待遇原则的重要补充。在实现所有世贸组织成员平等待遇基础上,世贸组织成员的商品或服务进入另一成员领土后,也应该享受与该国的商品或服务相同的待遇,这正是世贸组织非歧视贸易原则的重要体现。国民待遇原则严格讲就是外国商品或服务与进口国国内商品或服务处于平等待遇的原则。

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