解:∵dy/dx+2y/x=sinx/x
==>xdy+2ydx=sinxdx
==>x^2dy+2xydx=xsinxdx (等式两端同乘x)
==>d(yx^2)=-xd(cosx)
==>∫d(yx^2)=-∫xd(cosx) (积分)
==>yx^2=C-xcosx+sinx (应用分部积分法,C是常数)
==>y=(C-xcosx+sinx)/x^2
∴此方程的通解是y=(C-xcosx+sinx)/x^2。
y'+(2/x)y=(sinx)/x.类型为:y'+p(x)y=q(x).现在p(x)=2/x,q(x)=(sinx)/x.(1)p(x)的一个原函数为2lnx,则∫q(x)e^(2lnx)dx=∫[(sinx)/x]x²dx=∫xsinxdx=-∫xd(cosx)=-[xcosx-∫cosxdx]=-xcosx+sinx+C1,(C1是任意常数)(2)再由解的公式,得y=e^(-2lnx)[C-xcosx+sinx].(C为任意常数)故y=[x^(-2)][C-xcosx+sinx],(C为任意常数)。------------------------------------------(代入原方程验证,正确。)
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