关注that引导的宾语从句
宾语从句是指一个句子充当宾语,在主句与从句之间有一个引导词。今天,我们就谈谈连接词that引导的宾语从句。请同学们关注以下几点:
一、引导词本身的省略与不省略
1.可以省略
连词that引导宾语从句,只起连接主、从句的作用,它本身无意义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如:
He says(that)he is a Young Pioneer.他说他是个少先队员。
2.不可以省略
(1)从句的主语是that时,that不省略。如:
We know that that is an interesting story.我们知道那是一个有趣的故事。
(2)that引导的宾语从句中若再有复合句时,that不能省略。如:
I think that if you have lost the library book,you must pay for it.我认为如果你已把图书馆藏书丢失了,你就必须赔偿。
(3)主、从句之间有插入语时, that不能省略。如:
It says here,in the newspaper, that English is getting more and more important.报纸上写着,英语正变得越来越重要。
二、何时使用that引导的宾语从句
that引导的宾语从句,表示陈述一件事,即由陈述句转化而来。如:
He says.He is listening to the weather report.→
He says(that)he is listening to the weather report.他说他正在听天气预报。
1.主句的谓语动词是think,hear, hope,wish,remember,forget,know,say, guess等时,常接that引导的宾语从句。如:
I hope(that)he will be fine soon.我希望他很快好起来。
2.主句由“连系动词+形容词”构成的“系表”结构,常接that引导的宾语从句。这类形容词多表示感情,如happy, glad,pleased,sad,sure,afraid等等。如:
I'm afraid(that)he can't come.恐怕他不能来了。
三、that引导的宾语从句相关的内容
1.语序
不论什么情况下,宾语从句都要用陈述语序,即“主语+谓语+其它”。如:
Do you think?The radio is too noisy.(合并成主从句)→
Do you think(that)the radio is too noisy?你认为收音机太吵吗?
2.时态
that引导的宾语从句,主句用一般现在时,从句可以用符合句意要求的任一时态。如:
He says(that)they have returned already.他说他们已经回来了。
He tells me that he was born in 1985.他告诉我他生于1985年。
如果主句用一般过去时,从句要用过去时态的某种形式(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。如:
He said(that)he bought a new dictionary.他说他买了本新词典。
I knew they were studying English.我知道他们正在学英语。
注:如果从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言、警句、格言、谚语等等,尽管主句用一般过去时,从句也要用一般现在时。如:
Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.我们老师告诉我们,光比声音传播得快。
He said that time is life.他说时间就是生命。
对应练习:
将下列句子合并成含有宾语从句的复合句。
1.I think.Jim won't come back in a day.
2.He said.He will go to Beijing.
3.He told us.The earth goes around the sun.
Key:1.I don't think(that)Jim will come back in a day.
2.He said(that)he would go to Beijing.
3.He told us that the earth goes around the sun.
that后面跟一个句子
1,有从不实现了的许多出名的预测。
2,他认为就一个机械手而言做与一个人相同的事物将会是困难的。
3,一些科学家相信未来将会有如此的机械手。
字面顺着翻译:
1.有很多著名的预言(这些预言从来没实现)。
这里的that是定语从句的关系代词。指代predictions。
2.他认为:(让一个机器人做和人做的一样的事)这是非常困难的。
这里的that是宾语从句的联接词。句子可以看成He thinks it.(it=that...)
3.一些科学家认为:会有这类机器人(在未来)。
同上。that是宾语从句联接词。
That 放在句首的话,主要有两种作用:
1、引导主语从句,不作成份,不用翻译,只要看到that引导的从句中有谓语,但主句中也有谓语,则that就是引导主语从句。
2、作代词That is my friend who comes from Italy.
3、有一定强调意味
1.It's
good...(这是形式主语)
2.Sandy
was
asked
to...(ask是及物动词)
3.All
we
need
is
enough...(time不可数)
4.Although
he's
very
strong,
he
can't...(although和but不能连用)
5.All
these
books
are
sold
out.被动
6.I
wish
I
would
visit...虚拟语气