谈谈对类比推理的认识 并举例说明

2025-03-15 19:41:10
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

类比推理是根据两个或两类对象有部分属性相同,从而推出它们的其他属性也相同的推理。简称类推、类比。它是以关于两个事物某些属性相同的判断为前提,推出两个事物的其他属性相同的结论的推理。举例: 第一种是最为常见的题型,也是类比推理最早出现的题型,就是给出两个词语,然后选出一组答案。   阳光:紫外线  A.电脑:辐射B.海水:氯化钠C.混合物:单质D.微波炉:微波  就是根据阳光与紫外线、海水与氯化钠的关系都是整体与组成部分的关系,故选出答案为B。题型二  第二种题型是给出三个词,然后选出一组答案。 考试:学生:成绩  A.往来:网民:电子邮件B.汽车:司机:驾驶执照  C.工作:职员:工资待遇D.饭菜:厨师:色鲜味美  这道题给出了3个词语的组合,进而关系就更错综复杂,不仅需要考虑第一个词和第二个词的关系,还需要考虑第二个词和第三个词的关系,甚至有时还需要寻找第一个词和第三个词的关系来寻找“突破口”。比如上题中我们通过分析可以知道“学生通过考试获得成绩”,因此类比可得“职工通过工作获得工资待遇”,进而得出正确答案C。

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