1. 强调重点不同
两者都表示“必须”,但 must 侧重于说话者的主观看法,认为有必要或有义务去做某事;have to则重于客观需要,含有“不得不”或“被迫”之意:(from www.nmet168.com)
We must go at once. 我们必须马上就走。
If I buy that car, I'll have to borrow some money. 如果我要买那辆汽车, 我得借些钱。
2. 时态形式不同
must 只有现在时一种形式(在宾语从句中可以表示过去),而 have to则有多种时态形式:
He said (that) she must go with me. 他说她必须同我一起去。
She had to go there on foot yesterday. 昨天她不得不步行去那儿。
They have had to buy a car. 他们不得不买了辆小汽车。
3. 语法功能不同
have to可以有分词、动名词、不定式等形式,而must则没有这些形式:
He only saw her in the evening, having to be away all day. 他整天得外出,只能晚上见她。
I regret to have to trouble you again. 我很抱歉不得不再麻烦你一次。
4. 否定式的意义不同
must 的否定式 mustn't 意为“一定不要”、“不允许”;而 have to 的否定式 don't have to 意为“不必”(=needn't)。比较:
You mustn't tell him about it.你一定不要告诉他这件事。(这可能是秘密)
You needn't tell him about it.你不必告诉他这件事。(他可能知道了)
must强调“必须”,有命令的口气
have to 为“不得不做。。。”,有迫于无奈的意思
举个例子:
你必须先做完作业:You must finish your homework at first.
他今天不得不去买字典,因为他明天要用:He have to go and buy a dictionary,because he will use it tomorrow
must表一定,语气更强硬
have to表不得不
eg:I must be the No.1!
I have to go home now,it's too late.
must是主观上的 have to是客观上的