猪的六点重要的生物学特性是什么?

2025-03-15 20:29:03
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

(1)多胎高产,繁殖力强。猪为常年发情的多胎动物,一般4~5月龄达到性成熟,6~8月龄就可以初次配种,妊娠期平均为114天,12月龄即可产仔。在一般饲养条件下,母猪可以年产2胎,每胎平均10头左右。
(2)生长期短,周转较快。与其他畜种比较,猪的胚胎生长期和出生后生长期较短,但其生长强度较大。初生仔猪体重约为1.0kg,断奶时体重则达到10~15kg,日增重在300g左右,6月龄出栏体重可达90~100kg,肥育期日增重可达800~1000g。
(3)杂食性强,食谱广泛。猪是杂食动物,门齿、犬齿发达且齿冠尖锐,有利食肉;臼齿发达且齿冠上有台面和横纹,有利于食草;胃能消化多种动植物及矿物质饲料。猪的食谱广泛,但有择食性,特别喜食甜味饲料。猪具有坚强的鼻吻,拱土是其觅食的一种方式。
(4)皮脂肥厚,不耐高温。猪的汗腺退化,皮下脂肪层厚,体表散热功能很差;在高温环境下散热主要通过增加呼吸次数(喘气)和体表滚水来降温,因此不耐高温,尤其不耐高温、高湿环境。但要注意,仔猪皮脂薄,体温调节能力差,既不耐高温也不耐低温。
(5)嗅觉发达,听觉灵敏。仔猪生后几小时,就能鉴别气味,同时对声音开始有反应,1到2月龄后能分辨出不同声音的刺激物,人们可以通过猪对声音的细致鉴别能力,调教其对各种口令的适应。猪依靠嗅觉识别选择不同的饲料或地下的食物,识别群内的个体及后代仔猪;但视觉很差。
(6)定居漫游,爱好清洁。在无猪舍的情况下,猪能自找固定地方居住,表现出定居漫游习性;同窝出生的仔猪,从小就适宜群居生活,合群性较好;而不同窝出生的合圈仔猪,经过几天争斗建立位次关系后,才会形成一群居集体。

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