allow/permit/let/promise
本组动词都有“允许”的意思,但异同如下:
⑴allow指允许某人做某事、不反对某人做某事,给予某人权力或特权,常含有“听任、默认、不加阻止,不按常规行事”的意思。如:
The teacher allowed us to leave school early.老师允许我们早点离校。
Smoking is not allowed in the lecture hall.讲演厅不许吸烟。
注意:①allow后的宾补要用带to的不定式,不用doing。②allow后无人称代词时,要用doing,不用带to的不定式。试比较:
I allowed him to do it.(正)
I allowed him doing it.(误)
My parents don't allow smoking.(正)
My parents don't allow to smoke.(误)
⑵permit意“允许、准许”,通常可与allow通用,含有积极的正面意义,多用于正式场合,指给予做某事的权利。如:
The doctor does not permit me to stay up late.大夫不允许我熬夜太晚。
Smoking is not permitted/allowed here.此地不准吸烟。
注意:permit较allow正式。在表示客气的请求时,主语是you应用permit,以表示下级对上级、幼辈对长辈尊敬的请求;若主语用I,则应用allow的被动形式。如:
Will you permit me to use this knife?=May I be allowed to use this knife, please?
⑶let意“让、允许”,指允许某人做某事,比较口语化,其宾语后的不定式不带to,常可与allow换用,但祈使句中用let,不用allow或permit,被动语态中用allow或permit,很少用let。如:
Let me try.让我试试看。
The students were allowed to miss the examination.允许学生们缺考。
⑷promise作“答应、允诺”讲时,用于主语答应自己(主语)要做某件事。注意与allow,permit含义上的区别。试比较:
She promised me to go fishing.她答应我去钓鱼。(指she去钓鱼)
She allowed me to go fishing.她允许我去钓鱼。(指I去钓鱼)
⑸admit 意“允许、认可”,指在外界压力下不得不承认错误或事实,因而常译作“承认”。如:
This ticket will admit three to the concert.这张票允许三个人去听音乐会。
I admitted this to be true.我认为这是真的。
John has admitted breaking the window.约翰已承认打碎了窗子。
注意:admit作“允许”解时,宾语之后可接介词短语或to be +adj.结构作宾语补足语;作“承认”解时,其后不可接动词不定式,但可接doing作宾语或复合宾语。
2. purchase / buy与“购买”
本组动词共同意思是“购买”,但异同辨析如下:
⑴buy是日常用语,意义比较广泛,着重指付钱买所需要的东西;而purchase是一个庄重的词,用于正式场合或指“购买”贵重物品。表示一般性购买东西时,常可与buy通用。如:
Where did you buy it?这件东西你是在什么地方买的?
Money can't buy happiness.金钱买不来幸福。
They have purchased/bought much furni- ture.他们买了不少家具。
This country has purchased large supplies of rice from China.这个国家向中国购买了大批大米。
⑵buy之后除接直接宾语表示所购买的东西之外,还可以接间接宾语来表示为谁买;而purchase后只能接表示所购买的东西作宾语。试比较:
Please let me buy you a drink.我来给你买杯酒吧。
Let me buy some bread for you!我帮你去买面包吧!
I can purchase health insurance.我能买到健康保险。
从意思上可以分清
allow:容许, 听任, 允许,准许
eg:Smoking is not allowed here.
若单单只有let就是:让……怎样 的意思
eg:Let's go.
但是通常let都有搭配 let go 放开
let it be 就这样 ……
permit:放任; 使可能; 答应 常有固定搭配: permit of [常用于否定句]容许
eg:The facts permit no other explanation.
promise:许诺, 诺言; 约定
固定搭配:keep one's a promise 遵守诺言, 守约
make/give a promise 答应, 许诺