葡萄转色期开裂怎么防治

2025-03-16 09:11:50
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

一、黑提葡萄裂果的原因

黑提葡萄裂果主要发生在浆果接近成熟的时期,而裂口多集中在果粒顶部和果蒂处,产生裂果的主要原因是降雨或土壤中水分的急剧变化,果肉吸水产生较大的膨压,使果皮薄的部位开裂,形成裂果。加上黑提葡萄果粒紧密,近成熟期部分果粒被挤碎,加重了裂果。

二、防止措施:

1、疏粒套袋。套袋是防止果皮吸水最简便的方法。当果粒长至豆粒大小时,对小粒、拥挤在一起的果粒要彻底疏掉,使每个果穗保持40-50粒,疏粒后及时套袋。套袋前应喷一次杀菌剂。袋选葡萄专用的商品袋,也可用报纸或质地较好的白纸制作,或用塑料膜袋。

2、喷稀土微肥。在果实膨大期连续喷布两次500毫克/千克的稀土元素,每隔7-10天喷一次,能使果皮增厚,从而相应减少裂果。配制时应先用食醋将水调成微酸(pH值5-6),然后再加入稀土微肥,充分搅拌,于晴天凉爽时喷施。

3、合理浇水。为防止土壤水分的急剧变化引起裂果,要注意干旱时及时灌水,雨后及时排水,减少土壤干湿差;保持土壤水分相对稳定,促使浆果均匀生长。果实发育后期若遇干旱,要多次、少量灌水,杜绝大水漫灌,避免土壤水分含量剧变。

4、控制氮肥。氮肥施用过多、过迟及成熟前遇雨也容易引起果皮薄嫩及果肉渗透压增高而发生裂果。所以,在成熟前一定要控制施氮肥。

5、覆草覆膜。在葡萄行间进行覆草,厚度20厘米,能减少水分蒸发,使土壤保持一定的含水量,利于葡萄浆果均匀生长。果实生长后期行间覆盖地膜,能使此期的降雨及时排到园外,从而避免葡萄大量吸水产生裂果。

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