求阿姆斯特丹中英文对照简介

Amsterdam, seaport and principal city of the western Netherlands, in North Holland Province, near The Hague（海牙）. Amsterdam is the country's constitutional capital; the real seat of government, however, is in The Hague. Amsterdam is divided by more than 80 km of canals into about 90 islands joined by about 400 bridges.

Amsterdam, chartered as a city in 13***became a member of the Hanseatic League（汉萨同盟） in 1369. In the 17th century, after the successful conclusion of the Dutch wars for independence from Spain, Amsterdam became the chief commercial center of northern Europe. The city held this position until the late 18th century, when trade declined as a result of the silting（淤积；淤塞） of the Zuider Zee（须德海） and the British blockade before and during the Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815). In 1810 Napoleon incorporated the Netherlands into the French Empire. After his downfall（衰败，垮台） the Netherlands regained its independence and the seat of government was moved to The Hague. In the latter part of the 19th century, commercial activities revived with the opening of the North Sea and North Holland canals. During World War II (1939-1945), Amsterdam was occupied by the German army for five years. The people suffered great hardship and the port was badly damaged, but it has since been rebuilt and improved.

Amsterdam is one of the most important commercial centers in Europe. The city is a major port linked to the North Sea and other European countries by a network of railways and canals, notably the North Sea Canal, which is navigable（适于航行的）by oceangoing（远洋航行的） vessels. Among leading industries in the city are shipbuilding, sugar refining, publishing, and the manufacture of heavy machinery, paper products, textiles and clothing, porcelain and glass, aircraft, automobiles, and chemicals. The city is also famous as a center for polishing and cutting diamonds and as the chief financial center of the Netherlands. A major European stock exchange is located in Amsterdam, as are the Bank of the Netherlands and several insurance firms.

Amsterdam has been an important center of European cultural life since the 17th century. The city is the site of the National Academy of Art, the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences, and the University of Amsterdam (1632). Its Rijksmuseum（阿姆斯特丹国立博物馆） contains one of the largest collections of Dutch and Flemish paintings in the world, and its Stedelijk Museum（市立现代美术馆） has an extensive collection of modern works. The Van Gogh Museum（凡·高博物馆） includes about 800 works by 19th-century painter Vincent van Gogh（文森特 · 凡高）in its collection. Amsterdam is also noted as the home of the renowned 17th-century painter Rembrandt（伦布兰特）; his home is now a museum. The Concert-gebouw, completed in 18***is the home of Amsterdam's renowned orchestra. The city has numerous examples of 16th- and 17th-century architecture, as well as two historic churches: Oude Kerk (Old Church), built about 13***and Nieuwe Kerk (New Church), built in the 15th century. The royal palace, originally built in the 17th century as the town hall, stands on a large square in the center of the city.

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Amsterdam
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Amsterdam is a city that has something for everyone. Famous worldwide for its liberal attitude to drugs and prostitution, there is much more to Amsterdam than that. Amsterdam is a city steeped in culture, with its canals perhaps its most recognisable feature. A walk round the Jordaan area of the city is one of the joys of Amsterdam. So many canals and small bridges, its possible to escape the crowds and find your own little area of the city. Best viewed at night with the street lights casting soft shadows across the water, it really is something special.

Amsterdam is a busy, often hectic city. A popular tourist city all year round, it is popular for weekend breaks, and extended visits alike. The city is compact, with all the main sites reachable by foot. Backed up by an excellent public transport system, it really is an easy city to get around. The bike however is King in Amserdam, there are more bikes in the city than there are people. If you're feeling adventurous, getting on a bike is a great way to see the city. When on foot, don't dally in the cycle paths, you will find that the locals are not to welcoming to pedestrians getting in their way

Museums are also plentiful in Amsterdam, with the Van Gogh museum and the Rijks Museum being the main attractions. Many famous paintings can be found here, and it is well worth the visit. The house of Anne Frank is also a must do when in Amsterdam, a humbling reminder of sadder times in the cities history.

Of course no introduction to Amsterdam would be complete without a few words on the Red Light District. It's probably everything you have heard about and more. The area attracts just as many visitors as the other main attractions in the city. Seedy in places, tourist attraction in others, it's a place where you can buy just about anything. No visit to Amsterdam would be complete without a visit to the RLD. It's fascinating to see, but the women behind the windows do not want their picture taken.

图一：Jordaan area of Amsterdam.（http://i.pbase.com/g3/62/592662/2/56169769.DSC00174.jpg）
图二：Amsterdam is a city for every taste.（http://admin.unionstreetmedia.net/ezstatic/data/sustainablefood/images/a/Amsterdam.jpg）
图三：Amsterdan city map.（http://www.lonelyplanet.com/maps/europe/netherlands/amsterdam/map_of_amsterdam.jpg）
图四：Amsterdam Van Gogh museum.（http://www.e-architect.co.uk/amsterdam/jpgs/amsterdam_building_aw200407_814.jpg）

阿姆斯特丹，是荷兰最大城市，市区人口约110万。位于该国西部省份荷兰省。其名称源于Amstel dam，这表明了该城市的起源：一个位于阿姆斯特尔河上的水坝，即今水坝广场址。
12世纪晚期一个小渔村建于此，而后由于贸易的发展，阿姆斯特丹在荷兰黄金时代一跃而成为世界上重要的港口。在那个时代，该城是金融和钻石的中心。19和20世纪，该城扩展，许多新的街坊与近郊住宅区形成。现为欧洲第四大航空港（前三分为伦敦、巴黎、法兰克福），
阿姆斯特丹有很多旅游景点，包括历史悠久的运河网、荷兰国家博物馆、凡·高博物馆、安妮之家、红灯区以及许多大麻咖啡馆。每年有大约420万游客来此观光。作为当前荷兰第一大城市，阿姆斯特丹历经了从渔村到大都市的发展过程，经历了辉煌与破坏，以及世界大战的洗礼，从一定程度上讲，她的历史也是荷兰历史的一个缩影。

Amsterdam, Holland is the largest city, the urban population of about 1100000. Located in the western province of Holland province. The name of the source on the Amstel dam, suggesting that the origin of the city: a dam on the Amstel River in, which is now the Dam Square access.
A small fishing village built in the late twelfth Century, and then as a result of the development of trade, Amsterdam in Holland, the golden age of the world's important port. In that time, the city was the center of Finance and diamonds. 19 and twentieth Century, the city expanded, many new neighborhoods and suburban residential area formation. Is now Europe's fourth largest aviation port (the first three points to London, Paris, Frankfurt),
Amsterdam has many tourist attractions, including a long history of the canal network, Holland National Museum, Van Gogh Museum, Anne house, red light district, and many cannabis cafe. Every year, about 4200000 tourists come to visit. As the Dutch first big city, Danek in Amsterdam by the metropolis from the village to the development process, have experienced success and failure, and World War baptism, speak from a certain extent, her history is also the history of the Netherlands a microcosm.