短语、词组归纳
由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。复习时应分类处理：
一、动词+介词
1．look at…看…，look like … 看上去像……，
look after …照料…
2．listen to…听……
3．welcome to…欢迎到……
4．say hello to …向……问好
5．speak to…对……说话
此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。如：
This is my new bike. Please look it after.(×)
This is my new bike. Please look after it.(√)
二、动词+副词
“动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类：
A．动词（vt.）+副词
1．put on 穿上 2．take off脱下 3．write down记下
此类短语可以带宾语，宾语若是名词，放在副词前后皆可；宾语若是人称代词，只能放在副词的前面。试比较：
First listen to the tape, then write down the answer/write the answer down. (√)
First listen to the answer, then write down it.(×)
First listen to the answer, then write it down.(√)
B．动词（vi）+副词。
1．come on赶快 2．get up起床 3．go home回家 4．come in进来 5．sit down坐下 6．stand up起立
此类短语属于不及物动词，不可以带宾语。
三、其它类动词词组
1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class 4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper 7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games 10. play games
介词短语聚焦
“介词+名词/代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语。现将Unitsl-16常用的介词短语按用法进行归类。
1．in+语言/颜色/衣帽等，表示使用某种语言或穿着……。如：in English，in the hat
2．in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等，表示“在……排/队/班级/年级”等。
3．in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段时间。
4．in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示“在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里”。
5．in the tree表示“在树上 (非树本身所有)”；on the tree表示“在树上(为树本身所有)”。如：There are some in the tree. There are many apples on the trees.
6．in the wall表示“在墙上（凹陷进去）”；on the wall表示“在墙上（指墙的表面）”。如：There’re four windows in the wall, and there is a map on the back wall.
7．at work（在工作）/at school（上学）/at home（在家）应注意此类短语中无the。
8．at + 时刻表示钟点。如：at six, at half , past ten.
9．like this/that表示方式，意为“像……这/那样”。
10．of短语表示所属关系。如：a picture of a classroom, a map of China.
11．behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名词等，表示方位、处所。如：beside/ near the door, under/ behind the tree.
12．from与to多表示方向，前者意为“从……”，后者意为“到……”。如：from one to ten, (go) to school/ bed/ work.
另外，以下这些短语也必须掌握。如：on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on one’s bike等。
重点句型大回放
1．I think…意为“我认为……”，是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常用I don’t think…，如：I think he’s Mr Zhinag. (L17)I don’t think you are right.
2．give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意为“把……给……”，动词give之后可接双宾语，可用这两种句型；若指物的宾语是人称代词时，则只能用give it/ them to sb. 如：
His parents give him a nice purse./His parents give a nice purse to him. Give it to Mr Hu.(L57)
3．take sb./ sth. to…意为“把……(送)带到……”，后常接地点，也可接人。如：
Please take the new books to the classroom.
4．One…, the other…/One is…and one is…意为“一个是……；另一个是……”，必须是两者中。如：One is red and one is grey.(L50)或 One is red,, the other is grey.
5．Let sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”，人后应用不带to的动词不定式，其否定式为Don’t let sb，do sth.，或Let sb. not do sth. 另外，Let’s 与Let us的含义不完全相同，前者包括听者在内，后者不包括听者在内，如：Let’s go for a walk./Let us try once more, please.
6．help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”，前者用不定式作宾补，后者用介词短语作宾补，二者可以互换。如：Let me help you find it.(L42)/Let me help you with it.
7．What about…？/How about…？意为“……怎么样？”是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等。about为介词，其后须接名词、代词或V-ing等形式。如：What/How playing chess?
8．It’s time to do…/ It’s time for sth. 意为“该做……的时间了”，其中to后须接原形动词，for后可接名词或V-ing形式。如：It’s time to have supper. =It’s time for supper.
9．like to do sth./like doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”，如：Li Lei and his friends like to play in the tree house. (L 43)前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作；后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作，试比较：
Tom likes swimming, but doesn’t like to swim this afternoon.
10．ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意为“让某人(不要)做某事”，其中ask sb.后应接动词不定式，如：
Ask your friends to guess what is in it. (L44)
11．show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意为“把某物给某人看”，该句型的用法同前面第2点。如：
Show your friend your family photo.（L36）/Show your family photo to your friend.
12．introduce sb. to sb. 意为“把某人介绍给另一人”；introduce to sb.则是“向某人作介绍”。如：Introduce your family to her.
重点短语快速复习
1.kinds of 各种各样的
2. either…or…或者…或者…，不是…就是…
3. neither…nor…既不……也不……
4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国清茶
5. take a seat 就坐
6. home cooking 家常做法
7. be famous for 因……而著名
8. on ones way to在……途中
9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院
10. at the end of在……的尽头，在……的末尾
11. wait for 等待
12. in time 及时
13. make one’s way to…往……（艰难地）走去
14. just then 正在那时
15. first of all 首先，第一
16. go wrong 走错路
17. be/get lost 迷路
18. make a noise 吵闹，喧哗
19. get on 上车
20. get off 下车
21. stand in line 站队
22. waiting room 候诊室，候车室
23. at the head of……在……的前头
24. laugh at 嘲笑
25. throw about 乱丢，抛散
26. in fact 实际上
27. at midnight 在半夜
28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快
29. quarrel with sb. 和?/ca>
A
ask sb about doing sth
ask sb to do sth 要求某人做某事
agree to do sth 同意做某事
allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事
(sb.)be allowed to do sth (某人)被允许做某事
B
be interested in doing sth 乐忠于做某事
be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事
be afraid of doing sth. = be afraid to do sth
by doing sth 通过做某事的方法/依据此事做某事
be busy doing sth 忙于做某事
C
consider doing sth 考虑做某事
can't stand doing sth 不能忍受做某事.
D
do one's best to do sth 尽某人最大努力去做某事
drop doing sth
do well in doing sth 在某方面做的好
decide to do sth 决定做某事
E
end up doing sth
enjoy doing sth 对某事感到兴趣
F
forget to do sth忘记去做某事
forget doing sth忘记已做过的事
find sb doing sth发现某人在做某事
finish doing sth 完成某事
G
get to do sth
give up doing sth 放弃做某事
go on doing sth继续做同一件事
go on to do sth.继续做不同的事
H
have trouble doing sth 焦虑于做某事
how to do sth 怎么去做某事
had better do sth 最好做某事
hope to do sth 希望做某事
hear sb to do sth 听到某人去做某事
help sb to do sth.=help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事
I
it is time to do sth 是该时间做某事
invite sb to do sth 邀请某人去做某事
love to do sth 暂时性地喜欢去做某事 同like用法
love doing sth 指一直都很喜欢做某事 同like用法
invite sb to do sth
J
K
keep sb./ sth. out (of sth.) 不让……入内
keep (on) doing sth. 继续做某事
keep sb doing 让某人一直做某事
keep sb from doing 不让某人做某事
L
let sb do sth
like to do sth 暂时性地喜欢去做某事 同love用法
like doing sth 指一直都很喜欢做某事 同love用法
listen to sth
lend sb to do sth 送某人去做什么
M
mind one's doing sth
make sb. do sth 使某人做某事
mind doing sth
N
(sb.)need to do sth (某人)需要去做某事
O
P
practice doing sth 练习做某事
prefer to do sth rather do sth.
prefer doing(A) to doing(B) 比起B更喜欢A
plan to do sth 计划做某事
Q
R
remember (not)to do sth (不)记得去做……
remember doing sth 记得已做过……
S
stop to do sth 停止原先做的事再去做某事
stop doing sth 停止正在做的事
succeed in doing sth 在某事上获取了成功
see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 同 watch 用法
(sb．)spend some time doing sth. (某人)花时间做某事
start to do sth/doing sth. =begin to do sth./doing sth.开始做某事
T
try to do sth 努力做某事
try doing sth 试着做某事
tell sb (not)to do sth
thank sb for doing sth 感谢某人做了某事
too...to do sth 太...而不能 做某事
the best way to do sth 做某事的最好方式
takes sb． some time to do sth. 花时间做某事
U
used to do sth 过去经常做什么
used for doing sth 用于做什么
used of 利用
V
W
watch sb do sth 表示看见某人做某事的全过程 同see等用法
watch sb doing sth 表示看见某人正在做某事 同see等用法
would like to do sth 想要去做某事
want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事
want to do sth. 想要去做某事
What about doing sth 做某事怎么样? 通常用于提建议.
watch / see/ hear sb do / doing sth
Why not do sth 为什么不做某事呢? 通常用于提建议
wait for sb to do sth 等待某人为自己做某事
X
Y
you'd better (not)do sth 你最好(不)要做某事
Z
一. 出现以下词,用do填空:
can , could, may, must, need, had better, why not, make, have to, let's, see,
hear, watch, notice, Will ( Would ) you please…
二. 出现以下词,用to do 填空:
would like, want, begin, start, hope, decide, ask, wish, have something to do, tell, take time, it's time, remember, forget, learn, teach, try, stop, plan, adj./疑问词后,take ,allow, It's +形容词+to do something, know, refuse, invite , get order, like, offer, lend, make up one's mind to do, set one's mind to do, enough, need
三. 出现以下词,用doing 填空:
finish, like, enjoy, mind, keep, be busy, there be, do some…, go doing,
prevent, be worth, spend, practice, feel like, thank somebody for doing
something ,stop, excuse somebody for doing something, can't help, prefer…
to…,look forward to…hate, mention, have fun doing,介词:at, in, on, of,
from, for, about, with, without, ,make a contribution to, be used to, hear,
see, watch, notice, listen,
四. 基数词的特殊变化
one---first ; two---second; three---third; five---fifth; eight---eighth;
nine---ninth; twelve---twelfth; twenty---twentieth; twenty-one---twenty-first
五. 代词的变化:
------------------------------------------------------------
主格 宾格 所有格(adj.) 所有格(n.) 反身代词
------------------------------------------------------------
I me my mine myself
you you your yours yourself
he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
we us our ours ourselves
you you your yours yourselves
they them their theirs themselves
------------------------------------------------------------
六. 表示天气的词
1. sun—sunny 2. cloud—cloudy
3. rain—rainy 4. wind—windy
5. fog—foggy 6. mist—misty
7. snow—snowy 8. shower—showery
七. 表示方向的词
1. east—eastern—easterner(s)
2. south—southern—southerner(s)
3. west—western—westerner(s)
4. north—northern—northerner(s)
八. 国家---国家的(人)
1. China—Chinese
2. Japan—Japanese
3. Germany--German
4. Canada—Canadian
5. Sweden—Swedish
6. Australia--stralian
7. Italy—Italian
8. India—Indian
9. France—French-renchman
10. merica—American
九. 一些特殊的名词复数及短语
1. leaf__________________ 2. life__________________
3. thief_________________ 4. knife_________________
5. shelf_________________ 6. half__________________
7. roof__________________ 8. German_______________
9. sheep_________________ 10. deer_________________
11. child________________ 12. woman teacher________
13. tooth________________ 14. foot_________________
15. people_______________ 16. postman______________
19. boy__________________ 20. key__________________
21. story________________ 22. family_______________
23. century______________ 24. baby_________________
26. tomato_______________ 27. potato_______________
28. radio________________ 29. zoo__________________
30. kilo_________________ 31. photo________________
32. businessman__________ 33. woman________________
34. man__________________ 35. difficulty___________
36. monkey_______________ 37. mouse________________
十. 词型转换(200个)
1. work—worker 2. vent—inventor(人)--invention(物) 3. use—useful-used 4. teach—teacher 5. conduct—conductor 6. care—careful--carefully 7. play—player 8. visit—visitor 9. careless—carelessly—carelessness 10. clean—cleaner 11. inspect-inspector 12. wake--awake 13. speak--speaker 14. piano—pianist 15. sleep—asleep 16. cook—cook(人)—cooker(物) 17. science—scientist 18. miss—missing 19. dance—dancer 20. art—artist 21. fish--fishing 22. drive-driver 23. tour-tourist 24. kind-kindness 25. farm-farmer 26. joural-jouralist 27. nature--natural 28. mange-manger 29. library-librarian 30. cover-discover 31. foreign-foreigner 32. music--musician 33. feather--feathered 34. help-helper 35. busy-business--businessman 36. follow--following 37. read-reader 38. post-postman/postwoman 39. enter-entrance 40. write-writer 41. sit--seat 42. danger--dangerous 43. run-runner 44. wool--woollen 45. serve--service 46. win-winner 47. lose--lost 48. pride--proud 49. sing-singer 50. worry--worried 51. collect-collection 52. swim-swimmer 53. break--broken 54. produce--production 55. sleep-sleeper 56. fill-filled--full 57. contribute--contribution 58. travel-traveller-traveling 59. reward--rewarding 60. comfort--comfortable 61. climb-climber 62. turn--turning 63. instruct--instruction 64. keep-keeper 65. fly--flight 66. pollute--pollution 67. strange-stranger 68. please-pleased 69. move--moving 70. wait-waiter 71. know-knowledge 72. appear--appearance 73. jump-jumper 74. meet--meeting 75. disappear--disappearance 78. speak-speaker 79. thank--thankful 80. frighten--frightened 81. print-printer(物) 82. noise—noisy--noisily 83. life--lifetime 84. sell—seller 85. cross—across--crossing 86. frustrate--frustrated 87. dive—diver 88. ill—illness 89. fire—fireplace 90. own—owner 91. pain--painful 92. tradition--traditional 93. explore-explorer 94. thank--thankful 95. decorate-decorator--decoration 96. surf-surfer-surfing 97. help--helpful 98. confident--confidence 99. help-helper 100. wonder-wonderful--wonderfully 101. different--difference 102. begin-beginner 103. colour-colourful 104. importanrt--importance 105. paint-painter 106. beauty-beautiful-beautifully 107. good--goodness 108. rob-robber--robbery 109. forget--forgetful 110. person-personal 111. active-activity--actively 112. think-thought 113. decide-decision 114. breathe-breath 115. review-revision 116. describe-description 117. possible-impossible 118. late--later 119. discuss-discussion 120. celebrate-celebration 121. dry-drought 122. enjoy-enjoyable 123. air-airport 124. lone--lonely 125. fun-funny 126. live-lively--alive 127. train-training 128. educate-education 129. love-lovely 130. clear-clearly 131. slow-slowly 132. exact-exactly 133. final-finally 134. quick-quickly 135. happy-happily 136. heavy-heavily 137. near-nearly 138. real-really 139. sad-sadly--sadness 140. quiet-quietly 141. silent-silently 142. polite-politely 143. safe-safely-safety 144. luck-lucky-luckily-unlucky145. usual-usually-unusual 146. health-healthy-healthily 147. success-successful-successfully 148. excite-excited-exciting 149. interest-interested-interesting 150. surprise—surprised—surprising 151. amaze—amazed—amazing 152. mean--meaning 153. bore—boring 154. grate—grateful(近)thankful 155. dark—darkness 156. park—parking 157. treat—treatment 158. cross—across—crossing 159. boat—boating 160. salt-salty 161. home-homework162. house-housework 163. check---check-out 164. begin-beginning 165. marry-married 166. lie-lying 168. friend-friendly-friendship 169. most-mostly 170. die-dead-death 171. especial-especially 172. fail-failure 173. probable-probably 174. realize-realization 175. rail-railway 176. shy-shyly-shyness 177. space-spaceship 178. high-highly-height 179. one-first-once 180. two-second-twice 181 .bear-born-birth 182. relax-relaxed 183. true-truly-truth 184. name-named 185. call-called 186. bright-brightly 187. sudden-suddenly 188. direct-directly 189. wide-widely 190. volley-volleyball 191. foot-football 192. base-baseball 193. give-given 194. harm-harmful 195. neat-neatly 196. build-builder-building 197. deep-deeply198. die-dying 199. correct-correctly 200. pleasant-pleasure
十一. 不规则形容词和副词的比较级及最高级:
1. good—better—best
2. well—better—best
3. much—more—most
4. many—more—most
5. bad—worse—worst
6. badly—worse—worst
7. ill—worse—worst
8. far—farther—farthest
9. old—older—oldest
10. old—elder—eldest
11. little—less—least
十二. 动词时态的句子结构及关键词:
一般现在时:
句子结构: 肯定句 主语+be (am, is, are ) + 其他
否定句 主语+be not +其他
疑问句 Be+主语+其他
或: 肯定句 主语+动词原型+其他 ( 第三人称单数作主语动词要加"s" )
否定句 主语+don't+动词原型+其他(第三人称单数作主语don't改为doesn't)
疑问句 DO+主语+动词原型+其他(第三人称单数作主语do改为doess)
关键词: sometimes, often, usually, always, every day, on Sunday
afternoon, at 10 o'clockin the morning, five days a week, three
times a month等.
注:在时间壮语从句,条件壮语从句中,常用一般现在时表示将来时,这时一般从
句用一般现在时,主句用将来时
现在进行时:
句子结构:肯定句 主语+be +动词的现在分词+其他
否定句 主语+be not+动词的现在分词+其他
疑问句 Be +主语+动词的现在分词+其他
关键词:now, right now, at the moment, It's+几点钟等的句子.或look,
listen, keep quiet等提示语.
一般将来时:
句子结构: 肯定句 主语+will+动词原型+其他
否定句 主语+will not +动词原型+其他
疑问句 Will +主语+动词原型+其他
(will 可改为be going to ,当主语是第一人称时will可用shall)
关键词:tomorrow, tomorrow morning, at seven o'clock tomorrow evening,
next year,
at ten o'clock next Sunday, this year, at the end of this term, from now
on, in the year 2008, soon, in a few days' time, in the future 等.
一般过去时:
句子结构:肯定句 主语+be(was,were)+其他
否定句 主语+be not+其他
疑问句 Be+主语+其他
或: 肯定句 主语+动词的过去式+其他
否定句 主语+did not+动词原型+其他
疑问句 Did+主语+动词原型+其他
关键词:yesterday,yesterday morning等 ,last week, last year, at the end
of last term,
一段时间+ago如:ten years ago, five hours ago, on January 1st,2004, in the
1980s等.
Just now,in the old days, long ago, a moment ago等.
过去进行时:
句子结构: 肯定句 主语+was/were+动词的现在分词+其他
否定句 主语+was/were not +动词的现在分词+其他
疑问句 Was/Were + 主语+ 动词的现在分词+其他
关键词:具体时间+过去的时间壮语 如:at ten o'clock yesterday morning, at
this time last Sunday等.
现在完成时:
句子结构:肯定句 主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他(第三人称单数用has)
否定句 主语+have/has not+动词的过去分词+其他
疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词+其他
关键词:already, yet, just, ever, never ,so far, for +一段时间,since+过去的
时间或过去时从句.或this year alone"今年以来",these five years alone"这五年
以来",in the last ten years "在过去的十年中"等.
过去将来时:
句子结构: 肯定句 主语+ would+ 动词原型+其他
否定句 主语+ would not + 动词原型+ 其他
疑问句 Would+主语+动词原型+其他
(would可改为was/were going to ,主语第一人称时would可用should)
过去将来时主要用在宾语从句中.
过去完成时:
句子结构: 肯定句 主语+had + 动词的过去分词+其他
否定句 主语+had not +动词的过去分词+其他
疑问句 Had+主语+动词的过去分词+其他
关键词:by+过去某一时间点 如:by last year, by the end of+过去某一时间点 如:
by the end of last year, before+过去某一时间点,by the time +从句,或宾语从
句中.
最后,请记住:
It's not the end of the world, try to look on the bright side of
thing, I'm sure it will be all right.
这不是世界末日,试着往事情好的方面看,我确认一切都会好起来.
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