商务英语高人帮小妹我改改我的论文翻译吧（关于L⼀C），谢谢！

Issuing Bank
The bank that issues the documentary credit on behalf of the applicant is called the issuing bank or opening bank. By issuing a credit the issuing bank undertakes full responsibility for payment against proper documents presented by the beneficiary. Such an undertaking of the issuing bank is substituted for that of the applicant, namely, the mercantile credit is replaced by bank credit.
开证行
代表申请人开立跟单信用证的银行称为开证银行或开证行。通过开立信用证开证行对受益人交兑符合信用证要求的单据来获取货款而承担全部责任。开证行的这类责任所代表的是申请人，即商业信用被银行信用所取代。

According to UCP 500 Article 9 a.: “…if the Credit provides for acceptance, (a) by the Issuing Bank—to accept Draft(s) drawn by the Beneficiary on the Issuing Bank and pay them at maturity or (b) by another drawee bank—to accept and pay at maturity Draft(s) drawn by the Beneficiary on the Issuing bank in the event the drawee bank stipulated in the Credit does not accept Draft(s) drawn on it, or to pay Draft(s) accepted but not paid by such drawee bank at maturity.”
根据《跟单信用证统一惯例500》条款9的第a项规定：“…如果信用证针对以下情况提供承兑：（a）通过开证行－接受受益人开出汇票交给开证行并到期支付货款；或（b）通过第三方付款行－鉴于信用证规定第二方付款行不得接受申请人开出的汇票而由第三方付款行来执行到期支付货款；或者，对于到期无法支付货款的付款行但已实现承兑的汇票进行支付。”

开证行,
银行出具的跟单信用证的申请人代表被称为开证行或开证行。通过发行信用证开证行付款承担全部责任适当的单据由受益人承担。这样一种事业的开证银行被替换为申请人的商业信誉,即由银行信用。
根据第500强第9条a:“…如果信用证,由开证行(一)Bank-to接受汇票由受益人支付他们的开证行,到期或(2)由另一票Bank-to接受和支付汇票到期被受益人的事件中,开证行付款银行按信用证规定不接受汇票,或支付汇票支付,但没有接受这样的付款银行到期。”

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