令u=y/x,
则y=xu
dy/dx=u+xdu/dx,
所以原方程变为
u+xdu/dx=u+tanu,
xdu/dx=tanu,
du/tanu=dx/x
cosudu/sinu=dx/x
d(sinu)/sinu=dx/x
两边求积分
ln|sinu|=ln|x|+C1,C1为任意实数,
sinu=(+,-)e^C1*x
令C=(+,-)e^C1,则
sinu=Cx
u=arcsin(Cx)
y/x=u=arcsin(Cx)
y=xarcsin(Cx).
令y/x = u
du = d(y/x) = (xdy-ydx)/x²
则dy/dx = (x²du/dx + y)/x = xdu/dx + u
代入原式代换
xdu/dx + u = u + tanu
cosudu/sinu = dx/x
积分得
ln|sinu| = ln|x| + C
即sinu = kx,或写作sin(y/x) = kx
这是通解
有意思